What type of organization arranges information based on physical locations?

The correct answer is the type of organization known as Spatial Order. This method is used when arranging information in a way that reflects the physical arrangement of objects or locations. For instance, if a writer is describing a room, they might start from the entrance, move to the left, describe items on a table, and then detail what is on the walls — all while maintaining a physical sense of space. This organizational strategy helps readers visualize the layout and context more effectively, making it especially useful in descriptive writing or when providing directions.

Other organizational strategies demonstrated in the options focus on different relationships between ideas. Claim and Refutation typically presents an argument alongside counterarguments. Topical Order arranges information based on specific topics or categories, while Cause and Effect structures information to show how one event leads to another. Each of these methods has its own specific purpose and is best suited for different kinds of writing, but they do not emphasize physical locations in the way Spatial Order does.